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We can Break Microcontroller PIC16F690 Heximal, please view the Microcontroller PIC16F684 features for your reference:

High-Performance RISC CPU:

· Only 35 instructions to learn:

– All single-cycle instructions except branches

· Operating speed:

– DC – 20 MHz oscillator/clock input

– DC – 200 ns instruction cycle

· Interrupt capability

· 8-level deep hardware stack

 

Low-Power Features:

· Standby Current:

– 1 nA @ 2.0V, typical

· Operating Current:

– 8.5 µA @ 32 kHz, 2.0V, typical

– 100 µA @ 1 MHz, 2.0V, typical

· Watchdog Timer Current:

– 1 µA @ 2.0V, typical

· Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes

Peripheral Features:

Special Microcontroller Features:

· Precision Internal Oscillator:

– Factory calibrated to ±1%

– Software selectable frequency range of 8 MHz to 31 kHz

– Software tunable

– Two-speed Start-up mode

– Crystal fail detect for critical applications

– Clock mode switching during operation for power savings

· Power-saving Sleep mode

· Wide operating voltage range (2.0V-5.5V)

· Industrial and Extended Temperature range

· Power-on Reset (POR)

· Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

· Brown-out Detect (BOD) with software control option

· Enhanced low-current Watchdog Timer (WDT) with on-chip oscillator (software selectable nominal 268 seconds with full prescaler) with software enable to facilitate the process of Break Microcontroller PIC16F690 Heximal.

· Multiplexed Master Clear with pull-up/input pin

· Programmable code protection

· High Endurance Flash/EEPROM cell:

– 100,000 write Flash endurance

– 1,000,000 write EEPROM endurance

– Flash/Data EEPROM retention: > 40 years

 

· 12 I/O pins with individual direction control:

– High current source/sink for direct LED drive

– Individually programmable weak pull-ups

– Ultra Low-power Wake-up (ULPWU)

· Analog comparator module with:

– Two analog comparators

– Programmable on-chip voltage reference (CVREF) module (% of VDD)

– Comparator inputs and outputs externally accessible

· A/D Converter:

– 10-bit resolution and 8 channels

· Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit programmable prescaler

· Enhanced Timer1:

– 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler

– External Gate Input mode

– Option to use OSC1 and OSC2 in LP mode as Timer1 oscillator if INTOSC mode selected

· Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

· Enhanced Capture, Compare, PWM module:

– 16-bit Capture, max resolution 12.5 ns

– Compare, max resolution 200 ns

– 10-bit PWM with 1, 2 or 4 output channels, programmable “dead time”, max frequency 20 kHz

· In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) via two pins

We can break Microcontroller Chip NEC UPD78F0881, please view below the integrated circuit features for your reference:

Item

µPD78F0828A

µPD780828A

µPD780826A

µPD780824A

ROM

59.5 Kbytes

Flash EE

60 Kbytes

Mask ROM

48 Kbytes

Mask ROM

32 Kbytes after break Microcontroller

Mask ROM

Hi-speed RAM

1024 bytes

Expansion RAM

2016 bytes

480 bytes

LCD Display RAM

28 bytes

Memory space

64 Kbytes

General register

8 bits – 32 registers (8 bit x 8 x 4 bank)

Main system clock

0.25 µs/0.5 µs/1 µs/2 µs/4 µs (at 8 MHz) Instruction set when break Microcontroller

· 16-bit operation

· Multiplication/division (8 bits × 8 bits, 16 bits ÷ 8 bits)

· Bit manipulation (set, reset, test, boolean operation)

· BCD adjustment, etc.

I/O port

59 in total

Input ports: 5

Output ports: 16

I/O ports: 38

A/D converter

8 bit x 5 channels

Serial I/F

3-wire mode: 1 channel

2-wire/3-wire mode: 1 channel

UART: 1 channel

Timer if break Microcontroller

16 bit timer / event counter: 1 channel

8 bit timer / event counter: 2 channels

8 bit interval timer: 1 channel

Watch timer: 1 channel

Watchdog timer: 1 channel

Timer output

3 outputs (8-bit PWM output × 2)

Clock output

8 MHz, 4 MHz, 2 MHz, 1 MHz, 500 KHz, 250 KHz, 125 KHz, 62.5 KHz

@f = 8 MHz X Sound Generator 1 output LCD for the purpose of break Microcontroller

Segment output: 28, Common output: 4

CAN

1 channel

Vectored interrupt

Non-maskable interrupt: 1 (internal)

Maskable interrupt: 20 (internal)

External interrupt: 3

Software interrupt: 1

Operating voltage

range

V = 4.0 V to 5.5 V

DD

Package

80-QFP (14 × 14)

Break Microcontroller TI MSP430F448 can help engineer to disable the protective mechanism of MCU MSP430F448, the firmware in the flash memory can be readout directly with universal programmer, then Microprocessor MSP430F448 cloning can be proceed.

Low Supply-Voltage Range, 1.8 V to 3.6 V

Ultralow-Power Consumption:

– Active Mode: 280 µA at 1 MHz, 2.2 V

– Standby Mode: 1.1 µA

– Off Mode (RAM Retention): 0.1 µA

Five Power Saving Modes

Wake-Up From Standby Mode in 6 µs 16-Bit RISC Architecture,

125-ns Instruction Cycle Time

12-Bit A/D Converter With Internal

Reference, Sample-and-Hold and Autoscan

Feature

16-Bit Timer With Three† or Seven‡

Capture/Compare-With-Shadow Registers, Timer_B Serial Onboard Programming,

No External Programming Voltage Needed Programmable Code Protection by Security Fuse

Integrated LCD Driver for Up to 160 Segments

Family Members Include:

– MSP430F435:

16KB+256B Flash Memory,

512B RAM

– MSP430F436:

24KB+256B Flash Memory,

1KB RAM

– MSP430F437:

32KB+256B Flash Memory,

1KB RAM

16-Bit Timer With Three Capture/Compare Registers, Timer_A On-Chip Comparator Serial Communication Interface (USART), Select Asynchronous UART or Synchronous SPI by Software;

Two USARTs (USART0, USART1) In MSP430x44x Devices One USART (USART0) In MSP430x43x

Devices Brownout Detector Supply Voltage Supervisor/Monitor With Programmable Level Detection

– MSP430F447:

32KB+256B Flash Memory,

1KB RAM

– MSP430F448:

48KB+256B Flash Memory,

2KB RAM

– MSP430F449:

60KB+256B Flash Memory,

2KB RAM

For Complete Module Descriptions, See The MSP430x4xx Family User’s Guide

Literature Number SLAU056 ’F435, ’F436, and ’F437 devices ’F447, ’F448, and ’F449 devices

description

The Texas Instruments MSP430 series is an ultralow-power microcontroller family consisting of several devices featuring different sets of modules targeted to various applications. The microcontroller is designed to be battery operated for use in extended-time applications.

The MSP430 achieves maximum code efficiency with its 16-bit RISC architecture, 16-bit CPU-integrated registers, and a constant generator. The digitally-controlled oscillator provides wake-up from low-power mode to active mode in less than 6 µs.

The MSP430x43x and the MSP430x44x series are microcontroller configurations with two built-in 16-bit timers, a fast 12-bit A/D converter, one or two universal serial synchronous/asynchronous communication interfaces (USART), 48 I/O pins, and a liquid crystal driver (LCD) with up to 160 segments.

Typical applications include sensor systems that capture analog signals, convert them to digital values, and process and transmit the data to a host system, or process this data and displays it on a LCD panel. The timers make the configurations ideal for industrial control applications such as ripple counters, digital motor control, EE-meters, hand-held meters, etc. The hardware multiplier enhances the performance and offers a broad code and hardware-compatible family solution.

Break Microcontroller ATmega164 flash memory and extract ATmega164 MCU code from its secured memory, make ATmega164 processor cloning;

With all the features the External Memory Interface provides, it is well suited to operate as an interface to memory devices such as External SRAM and Flash, and peripherals such as LCD-display, A/D, and D/A. The main features are:

Four different wait-state settings (including no wait-state).

Independent wait-state setting for different extErnal Memory sectors (configurable sector size).

The number of bits dedicated to address high byte is selectable.

Bus keepers on data lines to minimize current consumption (optional) if recover mcu atmega2560 flash.

When the eXternal MEMory (XMEM) is enabled, address space outside the internal SRAM becomes available using the dedicated External Memory pins (see Figure 2 on page 3, Table 36 on page 88, Table 42 on page 92, and Table 54 on page 102). The memory configuration is shown in Figure 14.

The interface consists of: AD7:0: Multiplexed low-order address bus and data bus.

A15:8: High-order address bus (configurable number of bits).

ALE: Address latch enable.

RD: Read strobe.

WR: Write strobe.

The control bits for the External Memory Interface are located in two registers, the External Memory Control Register A – XMCRA, and the External Memory Control Register B– XMCRB.

When the XMEM interface is enabled, the XMEM interface will override the setting in the data direction registers that corresponds to the ports dedicated to the XMEM interface.

For details about the port override, see the alternate functions in section “I/O-Ports” on page 81. The XMEM interface will auto-detect whether an access is internal or external if reverse engineering microcontroller atmega1281 program.

If the access is external, the XMEM interface will output address, data, and the control signals on the ports according to Figure 16 (this figure shows the wave forms without wait-states). When ALE goes from high-to-low, there is a valid address on AD7:0. ALE is low during a data transfer.

When the XMEM interface is enabled, also an internal access will cause activity on address, data and ALE ports, but the RD and WR strobes will not toggle during internal access. When the External Memory Interface is disabled, the normal pin and data direction settings are used.

Note that when the XMEM interface is disabled, the address space above the internal SRAM boundary is not mapped into the internal SRAM. Figure 15 illustrates how to connect an external SRAM to the AVR using an octal latch (typically “74 x 573” or equivalent) which is transparent when G is high.

Due to the high-speed operation of the XRAM interface, the address latch must be selected with care for system frequencies above 8 MHz @ 4V and 4 MHz @ 2.7V.

When operating at conditions above these frequencies, the typical old style 74HC series latch becomes inadequate. The External Memory Interface is designed in compliance to the 74AHC series latch. However, most latches can be used as long they comply with the main timing parameters. The main parameters for the address latch are:

D to Q propagation delay (tPD).

Data setup time before G low (tSU).

Data (address) hold time after G low (TH).

The External Memory Interface is designed to guaranty minimum address hold time after G is asserted low of th = 5 ns. Refer to tLAXX_LD/tLLAXX_ST in “External Data Memory Timing” Tables 169 through Tables 176 on pages 376 – 378.

The D-to-Q propagation delay (tPD) must be taken into consideration when calculating the access time requirement of the external component. The data setup time before G low (tSU) must not exceed address valid to ALE low (tAVLLC) minus PCB wiring delay (dependent on the capacitive load).

The pull-ups on the AD7:0 ports may be activated if the corresponding Port register is written to one. To reduce power consumption in sleep mode, it is recommended to disable the pull-ups by writing the Port register to zero before entering sleep.

The XMEM interface also provides a bus-keeper on the AD7:0 lines. The bus-keeper can be disabled and enabled in software as described in “External Memory Control Register B – XMCRB” on page 35. When enabled, the bus-keeper will keep the previous value on the AD7:0 bus while these lines are tri-stated by the XMEM interface.

Break Microcontroller ATmega461A and readout Firmware from MCU ATmega461A flash memory, to make the MCU ATmega461A cloning;

The ATMEGA461A is a complex microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 location reserved in the Opcode for the IN and OUT instructions.

For the Extended I/O space from $060 – $1FF in SRAM, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD instructions can be used. The first 4,608/8,704 Data Memory locations address both the Register File, the I/O Memory, Extended I/O Memory, and the internal data SRAM if Break microcontroller attiny48v firmware.

The first 32 locations address the Register file, the next 64 location the standard I/O Memory, then 416 locations of Extended I/O memory and the next 8,192 locations address the internal data SRAM.

An  optional  external  data  SRAM  can  be  used  with  the ATmega461. This SRAM will occupy an area in the remaining address locations in the 64K address space. This area starts at the address following the internal SRAM after Break IC ATtiny48A software.

The Register file, I/O, Extended I/O and Internal SRAM occupies the lowest 4,608/8,704 bytes, so when using 64KB (65,536 bytes) of External Memory, 60,478/56,832 Bytes of External Memory are available. See “External Memory Interface” on page 29 for details on how to take advantage of the external memory map.

When the addresses accessing the SRAM memory space exceeds the internal data memory locations, the external data SRAM is accessed using the same instructions as for the internal data memory access. When the internal data memories are accessed, the break and write strobe pins (PG0 and PG1) are inactive during the whole access cycle.

External SRAM operation is enabled by setting the SRE bit in the XMCRA Register. Accessing external SRAM takes one additional clock cycle per byte compared to access of the internal SRAM when recover chip atmega261a program.

This means that the commands LD, ST, LDS, STS, LDD, STD, PUSH, and POP take one additional clock cycle. If the Stack is placed in external SRAM, interrupts, subroutine calls and returns take three clock cycles extra because the three-byte program counter is pushed and popped, and external memory access does not take advantage of the internal pipe-line memory access.

When external SRAM interface is used with wait-state, one-byte external access takes two, three, or four additional clock cycles for one, two, and three wait-states respectively. Interrupts, subroutine calls and returns will need five, seven, or nine clock cycles more than specified in the instruction set manual for one, two, and three wait-states.

The five different addressing modes for the data memory cover: Direct, Indirect with Displacement, Indirect, Indirect with Pre-decrement, and Indirect with Post-increment. In the Register file, registers R26 to R31 feature the indirect addressing pointer registers.

The direct addressing reaches the entire data space. The Indirect with Displacement mode reaches 63 address locations from the base address given by the Y- or Z-register.

When using register indirect addressing modes with automatic pre-decrement and post increment, the address registers X, Y, and Z are decremented or incremented.

The 32 general purpose working registers, 64 I/O registers, and the 4,196/8,192 bytes of internal data SRAM in the ATmega640/1280/1281/2560/2561 are all accessible through all these addressing modes. The Register File is described in “General Purpose Register File” on page 12.