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The boot program can use any interface to download the application program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash Section will continue to run while the Application Flash Section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write operation by recovery atmega8 mcu flash memory content. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega8 is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The ATmega8 is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools, including C compilers, macro assemblers, program simulators, and evaluation kits.
Typical values contained in this datasheet are based on simulations and characterization of other AVR microcontrollers manufactured on the same process technology. Minimum and Maxi- mum values will be available after the device is characterized.
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
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For oscillator modes involving a crystal or resonator (HS, HSPLL, LP or XT), the situation is somewhat dif- ferent. Since the oscillator may require a start-up time considerably longer than the FCSM sample clock time, a false clock failure may be detected.
To prevent this, the internal oscillator block is automatically configured as the system clock and functions until the primary clock is stable (the OST and PLL timers have timed out) to readout pic12f509 flash memory file. This is identical to Two-Speed Start-up mode. Once the primary clock is stable, the INTRC returns to its role as the FSCM source.
As noted in Section 19.3.1 “Special Considerations for Using Two-Speed Start-up”, it is also possible to select another clock configuration and enter an alter- nate power managed mode while waiting for the primary system clock to become stable. When the new powered managed mode is selected, the primary clock is disabled.
The same logic that prevents false oscilla- tor failure interrupts on POR or wake from Sleep will also prevent the detection of the oscillator’s failure to start at all following these events. This can be avoided by monitoring the OSTS bit and using a timing routine to determine if the oscillator is taking too long to start. Even so, no oscillator failure interrupt will be flagged.
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The primary clock source may never become ready during start-up. In this case, operation is clocked by the INTOSC multiplexer. The OSCCON register will remain in its Reset state until a power managed mode is entered.
Entering a power managed mode by loading the OSCCON register and executing a SLEEP instruction will clear the Fail-Safe condition to clone microchip pic12f510 microcontroller flash program. When the Fail-Safe condition is cleared, the clock monitor will resume monitoring the peripheral clock.
As previously mentioned, entering a power managed mode clears the Fail-Safe condition. By entering a power managed mode, the clock multiplexer selects the clock source selected by the OSCCON register to read microcontroller pic12f509 flash heximal. Fail-Safe monitoring of the power managed clock source resumes in the power managed mode.
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Clock failure is tested for on the falling edge of the sample clock. If a sample clock falling edge occurs while CM is still set, a clock failure has been detected. This causes the following:
- the FSCM generates an oscillator fail interrupt by setting bit, OSCFIF (PIR2<7>);
- the system clock source is switched to the internal oscillator block (OSCCON is not updated to show the current clock source – this is the Fail-Safe condition); and
- the WDT is
Since the postscaler frequency from the internal oscil- lator block may not be sufficiently stable, it may be desirable to select another clock configuration and enter an alternate power managed mode when breaking PIC18F242 MCU flash memory (see Section 19.3.1 “Special Considerations for Using Two-Speed Start-up” and Section 3.1.3 “Multiple Sleep Commands” for more details). This can be done to attempt a partial recovery, or execute a controlled shutdown.
To use a higher clock speed on wake-up, the INTOSC or postscaler clock sources can be selected to provide a higher clock speed by setting bits, IFRC2:IFRC0 when PIC18F252 microcontroller flash memory program recovery, immediately after Reset. For wake-ups from Sleep, the INTOSC or postscaler clock sources can be selected by setting IFRC2:IFRC0 prior to entering Sleep mode.
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This would allow an application to briefly wake-up, perform routine “housekeeping” tasks and return to Sleep before the device starts to operate from the primary oscillator.
User code can also check if the primary clock source is currently providing the system clocking by checking the status of the OSTS bit (OSCCON<3>). If the bit is set, the primary oscillator is providing the system clock. Otherwise, the internal oscillator block is providing the clock during wake-up from Reset or Sleep mode.
The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the micro- controller to continue operation, in the event of an external oscillator failure, by automatically switching the system clock to the internal oscillator block by extracting pic12f617 microcontroller source code. The FSCM function is enabled by setting the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit, FSCM (CONFIG1H<6>).
When FSCM is enabled, the INTRC oscillator runs at all times to monitor clocks to peripherals and provide an instant backup clock in the event of a clock failure. Clock monitoring (shown in Figure 19-3) is accom- plished by creating a sample clock signal, which is the INTRC output divided by 64 when breaking off the protection over pic16f627 mcu fuse bit. This allows ample time between FSCM sample clocks for a peripheral clock edge to occur. The peripheral system clock and the sample clock are presented as inputs to the Clock Monitor latch (CM). The CM is set on the falling edge of the system clock source, but cleared on the rising edge of the sample clock.
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Because the OSCCON register is cleared on Reset events, the INTOSC (or postscaler) clock source is not initially available after a Reset event; the INTRC clock is used directly at its base frequency. To use a higher clock speed on wake-up, the INTOSC or postscaler clock sources can be selected to provide a higher clock speed by setting bits, IFRC2:IFRC0, immediately after Reset. For wake-ups from Sleep, the INTOSC or post- scaler clock sources can be selected by setting IFRC2:IFRC0 prior to entering Sleep mode.
In all other power managed modes, Two-Speed Start-up is not used. The device will be clocked by the currently selected clock source until the primary clock source becomes available. The setting of the IESO bit is ignored to unlock microchip pic12f615 flash memory.
While using the INTRC oscillator in Two-Speed Start- up, the device still obeys the normal command sequences for entering power managed modes, including serial SLEEP instructions (refer to Section 3.1.3 “Multiple Sleep Commands”). In practice, this means that user code can change the SCS1:SCS0 bit settings and issue SLEEP commands before the OST times out.
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The Two-Speed Start-up feature helps to minimize the latency period from oscillator start-up to code execution by allowing the microcontroller to use the INTRC oscillator as a clock source until the primary clock source is available. It is enabled by setting the IESO bit in Configuration Register 1H (CONFIG1H<7>).
Two-Speed Start-up is available only if the primary oscil- lator mode is LP, XT, HS or HSPLL (crystal-based modes). Other sources do not require an OST start-up delay to read microcontroller pic12f509 flash heximal; for these, Two-Speed Start-up is disabled.
When enabled, Resets and wake-ups from Sleep mode cause the device to configure itself to run from the internal oscillator block as the clock source, following the time-out of the Power-up Timer after a Power-on Reset is enabled. This allows almost immediate code execution while the primary oscillator starts and the OST is running to clone microchip pic12f510 microcontroller flash program. Once the OST times out, the device automatically switches to PRI_RUN mode.
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For PIC12F615 devices, the WDT is driven by the INTRC source. When the WDT is enabled, the clock source is also enabled. The nominal WDT period is 4 ms and has the same stability as the INTRC oscillator to break microchip pic12f1571 mcu protection.
The 4 ms period of the WDT is multiplied by a 16-bit postscaler. Any output of the WDT postscaler is selected by a multiplexer, controlled by bits in Configuration Register 2H. Available periods range from 4 ms to
131.072 seconds (2.18 minutes). The WDT and postscaler are cleared when any of the following events occur: execute a SLEEP or CLRWDT instruction by breaking microchip pic12f508 processor flash memory, the IRCF bits (OSCCON<6:4>) are changed or a clock failure has occurred.
Adjustments to the internal oscillator clock period using the OSCTUNE register also affect the period of the WDT by the same factor. For example, if the INTRC period is increased by 3%, then the WDT period is increased by 3%.
Register 19-14 shows the WDTCON register. This is a readable and writable register, which contains a control bit that allows software to override the WDT enable Configuration bit, only if the Configuration bit has disabled the WDT.
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The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as ‘0’), or left unprogrammed (read as ‘1’), to select vari- ous device configurations. These bits are mapped starting at program memory location 300000h.
The user will note that address 300000h is beyond the user program memory space. In fact, it belongs to the configuration memory space (300000h-3FFFFFh), which can only be accessed using table reads and table writes.
Programming the Configuration registers is done in a manner similar to programming the Flash memory. The EECON1 register WR bit starts a self-timed write to the Configuration register. In normal operation mode, a TBLWT instruction, with the TBLPTR pointing to the Configuration register, sets up the address and the data for the Configuration register write.
Setting the WR bit starts a long write to the Configuration register. The Configuration registers are written a byte at a time. To write or erase a configuration cell by breaking pic12f635 locked microprocessor fuse bit, a TBLWT instruction can write a ‘1’ or a ‘0’ into the cell. For additional details on Flash programming, refer to Section 6.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.
bit 7 IESO: Internal External Switchover bit
1 = Internal External Switchover mode enabled
0 = Internal External Switchover mode disabled bit 6 FSCM: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit
1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled
0 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled
bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3-0 FOSC<3:0>: Oscillator Selection bits
11xx = External RC oscillator, CLKO function on RA6
1001 = Internal RC oscillator, CLKO function on RA6 and port function on RA7 1000 = Internal RC oscillator, port function on RA6 and port function on RA7 0111 = External RC oscillator, port function on RA6 when breaking pic12f609 locked mcu flash memory;
0110 = HS oscillator, PLL enabled (clock frequency = 4 x FOSC1)
0101 = EC oscillator, port function on RA6 0100 = EC oscillator, CLKO function on RA6 0010 = HS oscillator
0001 = XT oscillator
0000 = LP oscillator
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A complete discussion of device Resets and interrupts is available in previous sections of this data sheet.
In addition to their Power-up and Oscillator Start-up Timers provided for Resets, PIC12F612 devices have a Watchdog Timer, which is either permanently enabled via the Configuration bits, or software controlled (if configured as disabled) when break pic12f629 microcontroller flash memory.
The inclusion of an internal RC oscillator also provides the additional benefits of a Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) and Two-Speed Start-up. FSCM provides for background monitoring of the peripheral clock and automatic switchover in the event of its failure.
Two- Speed Start-up enables code to be executed almost immediately on start-up, while the primary clock source completes its start-up delays to copy pic12f675 secured microcontroller flash memory. All of these features are enabled and configured by setting the appropriate Configuration register bits.