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PIC18F8520 devices offer only the Timer1 oscillator as a secondary oscillator. This oscillator, in all power managed modes, is often the time base for functions such as a real-time clock when decoding microcontroller pic18f1220 program from its flash memory.

Most often, a 32.768 kHz watch crystal is connected between the RB6/T1OSO and RB7/T1OSI pins. Like the LP mode oscillator circuit, loading capacitors are also connected from each pin to ground. These pins are also used during ICSP operations.

The Timer1 oscillator is discussed in greater detail in

Section 12.2 “Timer1 Oscillator”.

In addition to being a primary clock source, the internal oscillator block is available as a power managed mode clock source to decap pic18f1320 microchip processor memory. The INTRC source is also used as the clock source for several special features, such as the WDT and Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.

The clock sources for the PIC18F1220/1320 devices are shown in Figure 2-8. See Section 12.0 “Timer1 Module” for further details of the Timer1 oscillator. See Section 19.1 “Configuration Bits” for Configuration register details.

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When the OSCTUNE register is modified, the INTOSC and INTRC frequencies will begin shifting to the new frequency. The INTRC clock will reach the new frequency   within   8 clock   cycles    (approximately 8* 32 ms = 256 ms).

The INTOSC clock will stabilize within 1 ms. Code execution continues during this shift. There is no indication that the shift has occurred. Operation of features that depend on the INTRC clock source frequency, such as the WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor and peripherals, will also be affected by the change in frequency.

Like previous PIC18 devices, the PIC18F4610 devices include a feature that allows the system clock source to be switched from the main oscillator to an alternate low-frequency clock source when crack pic18f4550 microcontroller flash memory. PIC18F4610 devices offer two alternate clock sources. When enabled, these give additional options for switching to the various power managed operating modes.

Essentially, there are three clock sources for these devices:

• Primary oscillators
• Secondary oscillators
• Internal oscillator block

The primary oscillators include the External Crystal and Resonator modes, the External RC modes, the External Clock modes and the internal oscillator block in the process of copying binary file from pic18f458 mcu. The particular mode is defined on POR by the contents of Configuration Register 1H.

The details of these modes are covered earlier in this chapter. The secondary oscillators are those external sources not connected to the OSC1 or OSC2 pins. These sources may continue to operate even after the controller is placed in a power managed mode.

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Using the internal oscillator as the clock source can eliminate the need for up to two external oscillator pins, which can then be used for digital I/O. Two distinct configurations are available:

• In INTIO1 mode, the OSC2 pin outputs FOSC/4, while OSC1 functions as RA7 for digital input and output.
• In INTIO2 mode, OSC1 functions as RA7 and OSC2 functions as RA6, both for digital input and output.

The internal oscillator block is calibrated at the factory to produce an INTOSC output frequency of 8.0 MHz to restore pic18f1220t processor embedded program. This changes the frequency of the INTRC source from its nominal 31.25 kHz.

Peripherals and features that depend on the INTRC source will be affected by this shift in frequency. Once set during factory calibration when decrypting pic18f1230 microcontroller flash memory, the INTRC frequency will remain within ±2% as temperature and VDD change across their full specified operating ranges.

The internal oscillator’s output has been calibrated at the factory, but can be adjusted in the user’s applica- tion. This is done by writing to the OSCTUNE register. The tuning sensitivity is constant throughout the tuning range.

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In the RC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal may be used for test purposes, or to synchronize other logic.

The RCIO Oscillator mode functions like the RC mode, except that the OSC2 pin becomes an additional general purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin becomes bit 6 of PORTA (RA6) is a process of decoding microcontroller pic18f1220 flash program.

The PIC18LF2523 devices include an internal oscillator block, which generates two different clock signals; either can be used as the system’s clock source. This can eliminate the need for external oscillator circuits on the OSC1 and/or OSC2 pins.

The main output (INTOSC) is an 8 MHz clock source, which can be used to directly drive the system clock. It also drives a postscaler, which can provide a range of clock frequencies from 125 kHz to 4 MHz when decapsulate pic18f1320 processor silicon package. The INTOSC output is enabled when a system clock frequency from 125 kHz to 8 MHz is selected.

The other clock source is the internal RC oscillator (INTRC), which provides a 31 kHz output. The INTRC oscillator is enabled by selecting the internal oscillator block as the system clock source, or when any of the following are enabled:

• Power-up Timer
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
• Watchdog Timer
• Two-Speed Start-up

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The EC and ECIO Oscillator modes require an external clock source to be connected to the OSC1 pin. There is no oscillator start-up time required after a Power-on Reset, or after an exit from Sleep mode.

In the EC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal may be used for test purposes, or to synchronize other logic.

The ECIO Oscillator mode functions like the EC mode, except that the OSC2 pin becomes an additional gen- eral purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin becomes bit 6 of PORTA (RA6).

For timing insensitive applications, the “RC” and “RCIO” device options offer additional cost savings . The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage when recover pic18f1330 microcontroller code, the resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values and the operating temperature.

In addition to this, the oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal manufacturing variation. Furthermore, the difference in lead frame capacitance between package types will also affect the oscillation frequency, espe- cially for low CEXT values by . The user also needs to take into account variation, due to tolerance of external R and C components used by breaking microcontroller pic18f14k22 flash memory.

 

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Capacitor values are for design guidance only.

These capacitors were tested with the crystals listed below for basic start-up and operation. These values are not optimized.

Different capacitor values may be required to produce acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test the performance of the oscillator over the expected VDD and temperature range for the application. See the notes following this table for additional information.

Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability of oscillator, but also increases the start- up time.

2: When operating below 3V VDD, or when using certain ceramic resonators at any voltage, it may be necessary to use the HS mode or switch to a crystal oscillator when recover mcu pic18f252 embedded binary.

3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator/crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.

4. RS may be required to avoid overdriving crystals with low drive level specification.

5: Always verify oscillator performance over the VDD and temperature range that is expected for the application.

A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit is provided as an option for users who wish to use a lower frequency crystal oscillator circuit, or to clock the device up to its highest rated frequency from a crystal oscillator to copy microcontroller pic18f252 flash memory. This may be useful for customers who are concerned with EMI due to high-frequency crystals.

The HSPLL mode makes use of the HS mode oscillator for frequencies up to 10 MHz. A PLL then multiplies the oscillator output frequency by 4 to produce an internal clock frequency up to 40 MHz. The PLL is enabled only when the oscillator Configura- tion bits are programmed for HSPLL mode. If programmed for any other mode, the PLL is not enabled.

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Devices in the PIC18F1220/1320 family are available in 18-pin, 20-pin and 28-pin packages. A block diagram for this device family is shown in Figure 1-1. The devices are differentiated from each other only in the amount of   on-chip Flash program memory when decaps microchip pic18f1320 processor flash memory (4 Kbytes for the PIC18F1220 device, 8 Kbytes for the PIC18F1320 device).

The PIC18F1220 and PIC18F1320 devices can be operated in ten different oscillator modes. The user can program the Configuration bits, FOSC3:FOSC0, in Configuration Register 1H to select one of these ten modes:

1. LP                   Low-Power Crystal
2. XT                   Crystal/Resonator
3. HS                  High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
4. HSPLL           High-Speed Crystal/Resonator

with PLL enabled

• RC                  External Resistor/Capacitor with

FOSC/4 output on RA6

• RCIO              External Resistor/Capacitor with

I/O on RA6

• INTIO1           Internal Oscillator with FOSC/4

output on RA6 and I/O on RA7

• INTIO2           Internal Oscillator with I/O on RA6

and RA7

• EC                  External Clock with FOSC/4 output

ECIO         External Clock with I/O on RA6

In XT, LP, HS or HSPLL Oscillator modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins to establish oscillation. below Figure shows the pin connections. The oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crystal.

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• Memory Endurance: The Enhanced Flash cells for both program memory and data EEPROM are rated to last for many thousands of erase/write cycles – up to 100,000 for program memory and 1,000,000 for EEPROM. Data retention without refresh is conservatively estimated to be   greater   than 40 years.
• Self-programmability: These devices can write to their own program memory spaces under internal software control. By using a bootloader routine located in the protected Boot Block at the top of program memory by decoding pic18f1220 microcontroller firmware, it becomes possible to create an application that can update itself in the field.
• Enhanced CCP module: In PWM mode, this module provides 1, 2 or 4 modulated outputs for controlling half-bridge and full-bridge drivers. Other features include auto-shutdown, for disabling PWM outputs on interrupt or other select conditions and auto-restart, to reactivate outputs once the condition has cleared.
• Enhanced USART: This serial communication module features automatic wake-up on Start bit and automatic baud rate detection and supports RS-232, RS-485 and LIN 1.2 protocols, making it ideally suited for use in Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus applications.

10-bit A/D Converter: This module incorporates programmable acquisition time, allowing for a channel to be selected and a conversion to be initiated without waiting for a sampling period and thus when extract pic18f1220 mcu source code, reduce code overhead.

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The period of the Watchdog Oscillator is 1 µs (nominal) at 5.0V and 25°C. The frequency of the Watchdog Oscillator is voltage dependent as shown in “Electrical Characteristics – TA = -40°C to 85°C” on page 232.

The MCU will wake up if the input has the required level during this sampling or if it is held until the end of the start-up time. The start-up time is defined by the SUT Fuses as described in “System Clockand Clock Options” on page 31.

If the level is sampled twice by the Watchdog Oscillator clock but disappears before the end of the start-up time, the MCU will still wake up, but no interrupt will be generated to recover atmega32 mcu flash program and eeprom data. The required level must be held long enough for the MCU to complete the wake up to trigger the level interrupt.

The MCU Control Register contains control bits for interrupt sense control and general MCU functions. The External Interrupt 1 is activated by the external pin INT1 if the SREG I-bit and the corresponding interrupt mask in the GICR are set. The level and edges on the external INT1 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in Table 14-1.

The value on the INT1 pin is sampled before detecting edges. If edge or toggle interrupt is selected, pulses that last longer than one clock period will generate an interrupt when restoring atmega32l microprocessor memory software. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to gener- ate an interrupt. If low level interrupt is selected, the low level must be held until the completion of the currently executing instruction to generate an interrupt.

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This is set up as indicated in the specification for the MCU Control Register – MCUCR. When the external interrupt is enabled and is configured as level triggered, the interrupt will trigger as long as the pin is held low.

Note that recognition of falling or rising edge interrupts on INT0 and INT1 requires the presence of an I/O clock when reverse engineering atmel avr chip atmega32a program file, described in “Clock Systems and their Distribution”.

Low level interrupts on INT0/INT1 are detected asynchronously. This implies that these interrupts can be used for waking the part also from sleep modes other than Idle mode. The I/O clock is halted in all sleep modes except Idle mode.

Note that if a level triggered interrupt is used for wake-up from Power-down mode, the changed level must be held for some time to wake up the MCU in the process of recover protected atmega32 mcu memory. This makes the MCU less sensitive to noise. The changed level is sampled twice by the Watchdog Oscillator clock.